Istanbul Revealed: Hagia Sophia

Destination: Istanbul, Turkey

Travel guidebook summary

For visitors to Istanbul, Hagia Sophia, which stands regally atop the first hill of Constantinople, is an iconic sight. The church redefined religious architecture and served as a source of inspiration for countless religious structures that followed, both Christian and Islamic.

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Message from the author

“The discussion of the symbolism in the church’s mosaics is something that we spent a lot of time on and I think travelers are going to find especially valuable as they try to understand the mindset of the Byzantine faithful.”

Jennifer Raezer | Founder & Author, Approach Guides

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Guidebook Description

A wonder of 6th century engineering, Istanbul’s church of Hagia Sophia stood as a symbol of the Byzantine empire for over 9oo years. So great is its magnetism that it was adopted by the conquering Ottomans and converted into a mosque to signal their rightful inheritance of the empire’s distinguished legacy. And the magic remains on full display today: a massive dome that appears to float weightlessly above the floor, filtered light that infuses the interior with a glow symbolic of God’s wisdom and gold-filled mosaics that encourage contemplation. It is yours to discover.

What’s in this guidebook

An introduction. We review the church’s history and explain why the emperor-builder Justinian broke from earlier design precedent in favor of an innovative central plan that features a prayer space covered by an enormous dome.
Review of the architectural highlights. Following our tradition of being the most valuable resource for culture-focused travelers, we profile the church’s most important architectural features and offer a discussion that ties it all together.
Tour of the mosaics. The church holds one of the greatest collections of mosaics in the world. To do it justice, we crafted a comprehensive tour that features eleven of the premier works. For each, we review its history, stylistic features and iconography.
A visit to the prototype. Since the nearby church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus likely served as a small-scale prototype for the great church, we also offer a tour that focuses on their shared characteristics.
Advice for getting the best cultural experience. To help you plan your visit, this guidebook supplies logistical advice, maps and links to online resources. Plus, we give our personal tips for getting the most from your experience while on location.
Information the way you like it. As with all of our guides, this book is optimized for intuitive, quick navigation; information is organized into bullet points to make absorption easy; and images are marked up with text that explains important features.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Watch Before You Go

Tour Map and Itinerary

HAGIA SOPHIA

Background

Introducing the Great Church

A New Vision

The Construction

Ottoman History

Layout

Layout of Justinian’s Church

Layout of the Current Structure

Church of Light

A Walk Through

Visiting

Exterior

Entrance

Interior

The Dome

Things to Look For

Islamic Features

Tour of the Mosaics

The Basics

A New Figurative Aesthetic

Virgin Mary as Theotokos

Christ as Pantocrator

Inner Narthex
Christ with Leo VI
Apse Virgin and Child
Alexander
Archangel Gabriel
Deesis
Seraphim
Church Fathers
Virgin with John, Eirene, Alexios
Christ with Constantine and Zoe
Virgin with Constantine and Justinian

SAINTS SERGIUS AND BACCHUS

Visiting

Layout

Exterior

Interior

Our Recommendations

Continuing on Your Own

Continuing Travel in the Middle East

Where to Eat, Stay and Shop

Packing List

About Approach Guides

Additional Info

Extras to enhance your trip

Video

Watch our video on Istanbul